Internal-combustion engine



a. FERIANI. 4 INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Prue/mom mo JAN. 30. I920.

Pdtented Sept. 5,1922.

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ael ano'z rza 71/1 G. FEFIIANI. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 30, I920.

1,428,426. Patentedsept- 5,1922;

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v G. FERIANIJ INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. aPl plcATlown'Lcp 1mm, 1920;"

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I APPLICATION FILED JAN. 30, I920.

my '1 Mv ..H. w r M A Lu S r 4 Mm y a M w m M ,P lm m M 6 6 W Patented Sept. 5, 1922.

GAn'rAno FERIANI, or BE tuno,

' i s fjsTATES" Pie-*1ENT OFPlClil ITALY, assrsnon TO sooIE'rA BREVETTI rEaIANI, ornomnrranrph y y L INrnnNAL-eoivmusrron Enema.

Application filed 3 m 30,1920. Serial No. 355,216.

variable stroke and more particularly to a" new disposition; octthe parts tor .connecting the piston to the crankshaft. v a

,a constant; "horse power from internal com bustion engines, a matter of great impo-rtance in motor vehlcles, as it permits the elimination @of the usual power transmission devices, for example, the change "gear.

b x s-f H The invention is featured anew dis position of the partsof antinternal com- .bustion engine, which disposition permits of obtainingfa var able strokeof the piston,

" ;fifllld' inithe. meantime a compression space proportional. to the compression stroke,- that is,- a compression adaptedto maintain the, horse power ofvthe engine constant irrespective of the stroke of the piston,

For a better understanding of the invention, reference should be had; to the accompanying drawings, inwhichn Fig. '1 is a iront elevation of der engine, partlyinsection, accordingt v the present invention; p

Fig.2 is a side elevat'on "of Fig.1; Fig. 3 is of a four; cylinder engine, according to the inventi n; 1 "Fig. tisa abet elevation otFig. a; 1 i a, 5 is a d tai h gt a ra ment of theoil ump o Fig, '6 is :a detail showing theicontrolling means; Figs. views; demonstrating v the working of the piston. v v 7 Referring tosthe drawings and particularly to Figs; 1 and 2, theengine comprises j acket. 5

ton 2 p rovided with a hollow stem 3.. The

piston 2 during its alternate motion is guided by a rod 4, entering into the hollow istemi, 3, which disposition is provided to one cylin-f a part-sectional. side elevation stroke of the piston 2wi1l vary 7,8, 9: l d dare diagrammatic of said piston (in dotted lines).

.Acrossjhea'd S sprovided at the lower end of the stem 3, said' cross head supportin ga pair .of'connecting rods 7 ,arranged as clearly shown by Fig. 2. The upper end of e achfconnecting'rod 'i is pivoted to a block '9" (Fig.2), each block being slidably mounted within a slot 6 formed in; an ostal ly; at the top ofthe' cylinder. The arm 6 is pivoted atone extremity at 1 5 to the head of the cylinder 1 (Fig 1) and is'curved, the center v ofthe' radius of curvature being located inside the "center line of the cylin-y der. 'At a convenient distance from the pivoted end "of the arm "6, is pivotedthe' I g I cillatory arm G'eXtending'nearly horizon- The purpose of the invent on 1s. to obtain end o fa' second set of connectingrods ll,

the .lowerends 13 of which are connected to the cranks l0 ofthe engine crankshaft. The

latter, as best shown'in Fig. 1, is mounted Q atonejside'of theen'gine, and is geared to the flywheel 36 by meansof a set of gears 35.. Of course the flywheelcanlbe directly set'on the crankshaft.

The displacement and the arrest of each block 9 from one position toany other along the" corresponding arm 6, is obtained by meansof'a threaded rod 180 whi h t e block is mounted to travel. One end of the rod 18 bears a worm gear 17 en aging the adj a cent end of asecond threade rod 16 (Fig. 2) ;Therotation of'therod 16 produces the rotationfofthe two. rods 18, and as the latter arefixed with relation'to'the blocks 9, said blocks wmbe moved along'fthe slots in the From. a perusal of Fig. 1, the working of the engine will be apparent. In fact the from a minimum .to amaximum .g according tofthe position of the 'slidable blocks 9 upon (the arms tithat is, from the position I to position b-.' The positions 0 tand Za 67- indicate respectively the positions of the connecting rods 7 for the shorter stroke of the piston 2 arms 6, to occupy any positionin thesame.

(in full lines) and for the longest stroke 7 Of course the stroke of the connecting rods 11 will remain constant, as the heads points upon the arms 6 and at the cranks of the engine shaft. Also the compression space will vary with the stroke of the piston 2. This function is clearly shown by Figs. 7,; 8, 9 and 10, in which Fig.- 7 shows the compression space and Fig. .8Lthe corresponding stroke, and Figs. 9 and 10 shaft.

This happens for any the increased compression space for the corresponding increased stroke. v

It is also evident that with the connecting rod 7 in the position shown in Figs. 7 and 8, thatis'with 'the'pisto'n performing its shorter stroke, the powertransmitted .0 the crank 10 is a function of the distance of the point from the center'()--i of 'osfcillation' of the arm 6, multiplied by the stroke of the piston in that position ofthe rods. By moving the connecting rod 7 from a to -"Z), there isan increase'of power becauseof the increased 'value given by the product of the distance '0b, andth'e'stroke of'the piston. In this position of course there is a reduction of speedof'the crank IO, which reduction is compensated by the increased power. And vice versa', with the connecting rod 7 in the position shown in F ig's. 7 and 8, the speed of themotorwill be increased with a corresponding reduction of the stroke, but the result in both cases is a constant horse position of the connecting rod 7 along the arm 6.

There is thus obtained a constant horse power value at the crankshaft for any number of revolution, which of course will. be determined by the position of the connecting rod7. j

This will result in great advantage for motor vehicles provided with internal combustion engines as it permitsa great fleXibility of the engine to be obtained with a nearly complete elimination of the change gear 'devices.

Figs. 3 and 4 show a four cylinder engine designed for automobiles, the only difference from the one shown in Figsfl andQ being thatthe arm 6, instead of being pivoted .at one end to the heads of the cylinders, are pivoted at an intermediate point, the'connecting rods 11 being connected to the free ends of said arms.

Fig. 6 shows the me'ansfor'controllingthe position of the connecting rods 7 and fixing them at any pointlalong the. arms 6.: 20 is a pedal, formed with a toothed sector or rack 21, engaging a pinion 22. A wheel 23, in fixed relationship with the pinion 22, is connected by any convenient means, say a chain 24, to a sprocket 25, journaled in a bearing 26 fixed to the dashboard of thevehicle. The hubof the sprocket 25 is threaded to receive the threaded rod 16. The latter engages the worm gear 17 (Fig. l) formed at the end of the rod 18.

.the rod 16 doublythreaded, the direction, of the said threads being opposed, as clearly v in that manner the same is performed, what By depressing the pedal 20, there is produced a rotation of the rod 18, thus moving the connecting rods 7 along the arms 6. To obtain a very rapid rotation of the rod 18,

shown in Fig. 6. 1 Fig; 5- shows the lubricating pump built in each piston. On account of the very long strokefa very effective lubrication is necessary, and this is obtained by the arrangement shown. The guide rode is bored at r 28, the opening being closedby any type of valve'29." The'hollowstem 3, is also provided with a valve 31, and communicates by means. of the duct 3-2 with the outer surface of the piston 2. A second passage 30 com municates with the cross head 8. The reciproc'ating movement of thepiston 2 and of its 'stemZ-B relatively to the rod 4: draws oil from the crankcase 5 sending it to the cylinder and to the cross head 8, thus attaining a perfect lubrication.

Z Having now particularly described and ascertained the-nature of my invention and Icl'aim is: l 1. In an internal combustion engine of the variable" stroke'constantpower type, the power value at the crank combination of one or more cylinders, a pis- 1 ton associated with each cylinder, a fixed tubular guide secured in the stem of each piston-,za cross head at the end: of the piston stem, connectingrods pivoted to the crosshead, two slotted oscillating leversbetween said rods, and a block slidably mounted in the slot in each lever; one end ofeach of said rods being connected to the adjacent block. 2. In an'internal, combustion engine of the variable stroke constant power type, an oscillating arm mounted at an intermediate point upon the head'of the cylinder and pro'videdin one arm, with a slot, a block slidably mounted in said slot, a cross-head 1 at the end of the piston stem, arod connecting the block to thecross head, and means formoving the block alongsaid slot.

variable stroke constant power type, an oscillatin'g lever pivoted atan intermediate point to the cylinder head, a blockslidably mounted on one arm of said lever, means connecting said block to the piston of the engine, means connecting said lever at one point of the other arm-thereof to the crank shaft, and means for varying the position of the slidable block along said oscillating lever.

5. In an internal combustion engine of the type described, the combination of a cylinder, an oscillating arm pivoted at an intermediate point to the head of the engine cyl inder and provided in one arm With a slot, a fixed tubular guide secured at one end to the crank case, and telescoping at theother end in the piston stem, 3, cross head at the end of the piston stem, a rod connecting the block to the cross head, means for moving the block along said slot and means for lubri-' GAETANO FERIANI.

Witnesses O. W. H1). LoooLo, MARCO WARNAH. 

